Train wheels typically have a conical geometry, a shape called a cone or taper. This design plays an important role in railway travel

Self-centering:

The conical shape allows the train wheels to self-center. As the train moves along the track, any deviation from center causes the tapered wheels to turn the axle toward the center of the track. This self-centering feature is critical to maintaining stability and preventing train wheels from derailing.

Reduces Wear:

The conical shape helps distribute wear more evenly across the wheel surface. When a train travels around a curve, the outer wheels travel a greater distance than the inner wheels. The tapered design makes up for this difference, ensuring both wheels wear at a similar rate. This results in more even wear and extends the life of the wheel.

Stability in turning on curves:

The tapered wheels help the train to turn smoothly on curves. The conical shape allows the outer wheels to travel a longer distance than the inner wheels as the train negotiates curves, minimizing lateral forces on the rails. This reduces wheel and track wear, helping to extend the life of the entire rail system.

REDUCE NOISE AND VIBRATION:

Tapered wheels minimize noise and vibration for a smoother ride. The gradual transition of the wheel profile from rim to tread helps reduce impact on the track, resulting in a quieter, more comfortable touring experience.

In summary

the conical geometry of train wheels is carefully designed to provide self-centering capabilities, reduced wear, enhanced stability in cornering turns, and reduced noise and vibration, all of which contribute to safe and efficient train operation.