There are many aspects to how a train wheel works, including its shape, structure and interaction with the track.
The shape of the train wheelis designed to facilitate multiple functions. First, the outside of the wheel is tapered. This design allows the train to automatically adjust its speed when turning, allowing the train to smoothly negotiate the curve without excessive shaking. Secondly, the rim on the inside of the wheel plays a guiding role, extruding against the track when turning, guiding the train to turn. In order to eliminate the centrifugal force generated during turns, the rails are at different heights in the curved portions, with the outer rails being higher than the inner rails.
The structure of train wheelsis also to ensure the stable operation of the train. The train wheel consists of two parts: a circular outer structure and an inner structure. On the periphery is the tire, which is connected to form a long, continuous loop and mounted tightly on the wheel rim. A wheel hoop is a metal ring protective sleeve fixed to the axle that tightly wraps the outer tire within it. The internal structure is more complex, usually consisting of two adjacent wheels, tightly mounted on the axle and connected to it. These internal components work together, and the load-bearing mechanism adjusts the position of the carriage to balance weight distribution under load and reduce vibration and noise. Brakes apply braking force to control vehicle speed and ensure the safety of train operations. Sensors measure various parameters and report to the monitoring system in a timely manner.
The interaction between train wheels and tracks is also one of the key factors to ensure stable operation of trains. The rotation of the traction motor drives the gear box, which drives the axle box, and the axle box drives the axle, and finally transmits the traction force to the wheel set. The bogie is an important part of the train. It consists of a frame and two pairs of wheels, which supports the carriage and achieves a certain degree of rotation. There are two such "small carriages" under each carriage, which together hold up the large train and run on the rails. The only parts of the bogie that are in contact with the rails are the wheels, which transfer the load on the vehicle to the rails and act as brake shoes when the locomotive brakes. In addition, the force between the wheel and rail increases with the square of the speed, so the working environment and pressure of the wheels of high-speed trains are very large.
Train wheels work through a combination of shape, structure and interaction with the track. These designs ensure that the trains can operate stably and safely, and maintain efficient transportation capabilities under various road conditions.
